header banner

Udaya R Wagle

Udaya R Wagle

Dr Wagle is a Professor of Public Affairs and Administration at Western Michigan University in the United States.

Latest

OPINION

Outmigration, Social Change, and the Elderly

The current wave of globalization has led to an unprecedented degree of labor mobility not just between developed and developing countries but also among developing countries themselves. As the migration flow has increased steadily from 77 million in 1960 to 281 million in 2020 globally, immigrants...
Apr 14, 2023
OPINION

The city of woe

Kathmandu is failing to ensure its citizens access to food, housing, transportation, education, health care, and other basic necessities
Jul 18, 2018
MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews3RouteQueries11Models9MailsGateSessionRequest
Request history8.2.19PHP Version55.8msRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET author/{id}/{name}Route
    • Booting (11.64ms)time
    • Application (44.15ms)time
    • 1 x Application (79.12%)
      44.15ms
      1 x Booting (20.86%)
      11.64ms
      3 templates were rendered
      • frontend.authorauthor.blade.php#?blade
      • frontend.categories.partials.latestlatest.blade.php#?blade
      • frontend.layouts.non-cache-layoutnon-cache-layout.blade.php#?blade
      uri
      GET author/{id}/{name}
      middleware
      web
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\News\NewsController@getByAuthor
      namespace
      prefix
      where
      as
      news.author
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:725-754
      11 statements were executed19.77ms
      • NewsController.php#729republica11.53msselect * from `authors` where `id` = '3017' limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 3017
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:729
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:426
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:727
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • NewsController.php#731republica1430μsselect count(*) as aggregate from `authors`
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:731
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:264
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:210
      • NewsController.php#740republica112.73msselect * from `news` where exists (select * from `authors` inner join `news_has_authors` on `authors`.`id` = `news_has_authors`.`author_id` where `news`.`id` = `news_has_authors`.`news_id` and `authors`.`id` = 3017) and `status` = 1 order by `pub_date` desc limit 10
        Bindings
        • 0: 3017
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:740
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:426
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:735
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • NewsController.php#224republica1650μsselect count(*) as aggregate from `news` where exists (select * from `authors` inner join `news_has_authors` on `authors`.`id` = `news_has_authors`.`author_id` where `news`.`id` = `news_has_authors`.`news_id` and `authors`.`id` = 3017) and `status` = 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 3017
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:224
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:426
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:217
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:743
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • NewsController.php#224republica11.02msselect `id`, `title`, `excerpt`, `permalink`, `pub_date`, `is_subscriber_only`, `read_time` from `news` where exists (select * from `authors` inner join `news_has_authors` on `authors`.`id` = `news_has_authors`.`author_id` where `news`.`id` = `news_has_authors`.`news_id` and `authors`.`id` = 3017) and `status` = 1 order by `pub_date` desc limit 10 offset 0
        Bindings
        • 0: 3017
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:224
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:426
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:217
        • app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/News/NewsController.php:743
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • latest.blade.php#15republica1550μsselect `categories`.`id`, `name`, `news_has_categories`.`news_id` as `pivot_news_id`, `news_has_categories`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `news_has_categories`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `news_has_categories`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `news_has_categories` on `categories`.`id` = `news_has_categories`.`category_id` where `news_has_categories`.`news_id` = 139261
        Bindings
        • 0: 139261
        Backtrace
        • view::frontend.categories.partials.latest:15
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:74
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • latest.blade.php#45republica1520μsselect `attachments`.`id`, `directory`, `file`, `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` as `pivot_news_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` as `pivot_attachment_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `news_has_attachments`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `attachments` inner join `news_has_attachments` on `attachments`.`id` = `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` where `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` = 139261 and `news_has_attachments`.`is_featured_image` = '1'
        Bindings
        • 0: 139261
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • view::frontend.categories.partials.latest:45
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:74
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • latest.blade.php#45republica1730μsselect `attachments`.`id`, `directory`, `file`, `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` as `pivot_news_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` as `pivot_attachment_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `news_has_attachments`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `attachments` inner join `news_has_attachments` on `attachments`.`id` = `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` where `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` = 139261 and `news_has_attachments`.`is_featured_image` = '0'
        Bindings
        • 0: 139261
        • 1: 0
        Backtrace
        • view::frontend.categories.partials.latest:45
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:74
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • latest.blade.php#15republica1590μsselect `categories`.`id`, `name`, `news_has_categories`.`news_id` as `pivot_news_id`, `news_has_categories`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `news_has_categories`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `news_has_categories`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `news_has_categories` on `categories`.`id` = `news_has_categories`.`category_id` where `news_has_categories`.`news_id` = 45692
        Bindings
        • 0: 45692
        Backtrace
        • view::frontend.categories.partials.latest:15
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:74
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • latest.blade.php#45republica1510μsselect `attachments`.`id`, `directory`, `file`, `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` as `pivot_news_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` as `pivot_attachment_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `news_has_attachments`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `attachments` inner join `news_has_attachments` on `attachments`.`id` = `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` where `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` = 45692 and `news_has_attachments`.`is_featured_image` = '1'
        Bindings
        • 0: 45692
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • view::frontend.categories.partials.latest:45
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:74
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • latest.blade.php#45republica1510μsselect `attachments`.`id`, `directory`, `file`, `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` as `pivot_news_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` as `pivot_attachment_id`, `news_has_attachments`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `news_has_attachments`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `attachments` inner join `news_has_attachments` on `attachments`.`id` = `news_has_attachments`.`attachment_id` where `news_has_attachments`.`news_id` = 45692 and `news_has_attachments`.`is_featured_image` = '0'
        Bindings
        • 0: 45692
        • 1: 0
        Backtrace
        • view::frontend.categories.partials.latest:45
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:74
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      App\Models\News
      4News.php#?
      App\Models\Category
      2Category.php#?
      App\Models\Attachment
      2Attachment.php#?
      App\Models\Author
      1Author.php#?
          _token
          hLmydRhfcnJTsrK4dgMYjuISFr28mNSIkA2DJonm
          subscriber_only_page
          https://newtest.myrepublica.com/news/a-chronicle-of-change
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://newtest.myrepublica.com/author/3017/udaya-r-wagle" ]
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          path_info
          /author/3017/udaya-r-wagle
          status_code
          200
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          request_request
          []
          request_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:24 [▼
  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  ]
  "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "1"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Windows""
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?0"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129""
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "pragma" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "connection" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Keep-Alive"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "none"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "navigate"
  ]
  "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "52.15.91.151"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?1"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "document"
  ]
  "cf-visitor" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "{"scheme":"https"}"
  ]
  "priority" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "u=0, i"
  ]
  "cookie" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InJuOGZzRHViRWF2bGFzeGFoWXZXWHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM2JzaytJT0NnYWdFS3B6ZktmQUM2UVpkU1NUNkRKOXozenptMWJXa2UwdVlvVmFvWVJkZUdTeEZTaVo1aXg3MzdzS0Y3OUVoNDZWTmVOc2FEditoM3gzaDZNRVU4SG5MeGd1YzQ4Yk4xL1ZaRGw0VHp6d0pwQitJOUJDd2Rta28iLCJtYWMiOiI4YjA2YzBkMzYzNDI1M2NhZTM4OGU3NGI0NTIyOThmODQwZDNlMWFiYWE2N2I5OTc2YWZlMDIxNTFlMWFlNmQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; republica_session=eyJpdiI6IjJWSjFyeWZjRkp6TVdkV001alFoclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL2toQVBKVlN5L2I1QlozaTZKRXBseU42ZHVLdGlZUE5tdnhJQkRlbTZ4eE1aU3dHallFT04xdWEzSThXQXFRRnBkNDRiL0JVM1JjUjBCbkVieWd1U0x2ZFVJWUxxMXI0alRFSHNKMDJ3MjdhcXQvblZMR1llT1NrcFRmekNaNFMiLCJtYWMiOiI0ZTcxZjMyYmViMWZiMmJmNTIzOGFmN2I2YmE4YzY4YTUxMzNmNzJjZDI2YzYyODUyNDc1NzE5MjkwZTAxODg3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InJuOGZzRHViRWF2bGFzeGFoWXZXWHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM2JzaytJT0NnYWdFS3B6ZktmQUM2UVpkU1NUNkRKOXozenptMWJXa2UwdVlvVmFvWVJkZUdTeEZTaVo1aXg3MzdzS0Y3O ▶"
  ]
  "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "https"
  ]
  "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "US"
  ]
  "accept-encoding" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "gzip, br"
  ]
  "cdn-loop" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "cloudflare; loops=1"
  ]
  "host" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "newtest.myrepublica.com"
  ]
  "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "52.15.91.151"
  ]
  "cf-ray" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "9293672e3f19e802-ORD"
  ]
]
          request_cookies
            0 of 0   
          array:2 [▼
  "XSRF-TOKEN" => "hLmydRhfcnJTsrK4dgMYjuISFr28mNSIkA2DJonm"
  "republica_session" => "9TUdx95uduqW86BPlXNzY2dvoGiBTheCgZt5L7LW"
]
          response_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:5 [▼
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache, private"
  ]
  "date" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mon, 31 Mar 2025 22:49:59 GMT"
  ]
  "set-cookie" => array:2 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitoeTFRcnBBdjVITG54S0VSaHhJYlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkFJZWJXMU9BZ21Qc01naHJySHRBY3hwVkh1em00UFdSYXowK05FK25DK2k5UThoYlcvVVZqZk9LL0ZaVXRHUnMrTE1tM2xveG84ZTZXb09YT0hVeHZaN1FNV0tyenR0eVc1Tit3MEsva2k1UmJWUVBmYVdrcUorLzkwaWxoczYiLCJtYWMiOiIzNWI3M2FiMDRkZDI2M2UyYTc1N2RiMWRhNTM2NjFlOTAzNTJmOGZmYWNhZGJiYjAyMDc5MTUxNmU2Y2Y1ZTc4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 31 Mar 2026 22:49:59 GMT; Max-Age=31536000; path=/; secure; samesite=lax ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitoeTFRcnBBdjVITG54S0VSaHhJYlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkFJZWJXMU9BZ21Qc01naHJySHRBY3hwVkh1em00UFdSYXowK05FK25DK2k5UThoYlcvVVZqZk9LL0ZaVXRHUnMrTE1tM ▶"
    1 => "republica_session=eyJpdiI6Im53YTNKWkphN0hZc1phMHo1R2dKbmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYTYzamRXZ244SWQrWUJTNzkwUkVpOVJyNzg5UktUQnp5RytEUXgyZVpLbVVNZ2toTVd6T3FtSld5djZkOWVaWnZIL0dwTzZHWC96dHFSdlN3eTJTYjUyYzJLY3NLcXUzcmZ6SmRuOWpXRU9ZQXVaMWhjZ0JPUzlnQ01kNGVLU0ciLCJtYWMiOiJjZjczZDg5N2QwNzBmZDkwZDg2YjZmY2JlZDk3MzIyNzkxYjU2ODRmYWMxM2RlMzkyYjg5MmVjNGYwNmQzZWQ0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 31 Mar 2026 22:49:59 GMT; Max-Age=31536000; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=lax ◀republica_session=eyJpdiI6Im53YTNKWkphN0hZc1phMHo1R2dKbmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYTYzamRXZ244SWQrWUJTNzkwUkVpOVJyNzg5UktUQnp5RytEUXgyZVpLbVVNZ2toTVd6T3FtSld5djZkOWVaWn ▶"
  ]
  "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitoeTFRcnBBdjVITG54S0VSaHhJYlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkFJZWJXMU9BZ21Qc01naHJySHRBY3hwVkh1em00UFdSYXowK05FK25DK2k5UThoYlcvVVZqZk9LL0ZaVXRHUnMrTE1tM2xveG84ZTZXb09YT0hVeHZaN1FNV0tyenR0eVc1Tit3MEsva2k1UmJWUVBmYVdrcUorLzkwaWxoczYiLCJtYWMiOiIzNWI3M2FiMDRkZDI2M2UyYTc1N2RiMWRhNTM2NjFlOTAzNTJmOGZmYWNhZGJiYjAyMDc5MTUxNmU2Y2Y1ZTc4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 31-Mar-2026 22:49:59 GMT; path=/; secure ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitoeTFRcnBBdjVITG54S0VSaHhJYlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkFJZWJXMU9BZ21Qc01naHJySHRBY3hwVkh1em00UFdSYXowK05FK25DK2k5UThoYlcvVVZqZk9LL0ZaVXRHUnMrTE1tM ▶"
    1 => "republica_session=eyJpdiI6Im53YTNKWkphN0hZc1phMHo1R2dKbmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYTYzamRXZ244SWQrWUJTNzkwUkVpOVJyNzg5UktUQnp5RytEUXgyZVpLbVVNZ2toTVd6T3FtSld5djZkOWVaWnZIL0dwTzZHWC96dHFSdlN3eTJTYjUyYzJLY3NLcXUzcmZ6SmRuOWpXRU9ZQXVaMWhjZ0JPUzlnQ01kNGVLU0ciLCJtYWMiOiJjZjczZDg5N2QwNzBmZDkwZDg2YjZmY2JlZDk3MzIyNzkxYjU2ODRmYWMxM2RlMzkyYjg5MmVjNGYwNmQzZWQ0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 31-Mar-2026 22:49:59 GMT; path=/; secure; httponly ◀republica_session=eyJpdiI6Im53YTNKWkphN0hZc1phMHo1R2dKbmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYTYzamRXZ244SWQrWUJTNzkwUkVpOVJyNzg5UktUQnp5RytEUXgyZVpLbVVNZ2toTVd6T3FtSld5djZkOWVaWn ▶"
  ]
]
          session_attributes
            0 of 0   
          array:4 [▼
  "_token" => "hLmydRhfcnJTsrK4dgMYjuISFr28mNSIkA2DJonm"
  "subscriber_only_page" => "https://newtest.myrepublica.com/news/a-chronicle-of-change"
  "_previous" => array:1 [▶
    "url" => "https://newtest.myrepublica.com/author/3017/udaya-r-wagle"
  ]
  "_flash" => array:2 [▶
    "old" => []
    "new" => []
  ]
]
          ClearShow all
          Date ↕MethodURLData
          #12025-04-01 04:34:59GET/author/3017/udaya-r-wagle3119